Class 10 Science - 50 Important MCQs With Answers (NCERT Based & Board Level)

Are you preparing for your Class 10 Science exams and looking for a way to test your knowledge? Look no further! We’ve put together a collection of 50 crucial multiple-choice questions that align with the NCERT syllabus and board-level standards. These MCQs are designed to help you review and reinforce your understanding of key scientific concepts across various chapters.

In this post, you’ll find a curated set of questions covering essential topics such as Chemical Reactions, Acids and Bases, Carbon Compounds, and more. Each question is crafted to challenge your grasp of the material and ensure you're well-prepared for your exams.

Whether you're revising at the last minute or just starting your study sessions, these questions will help you identify areas of strength and highlight topics that may need further attention. With detailed answers provided, you can quickly check your progress and clarify any doubts.

Get ready to boost your exam readiness with these expertly selected MCQs. Dive in and make your study sessions more productive as you work towards achieving your best results!

1. Which of the following turns red litmus paper blue?  

   a) Vinegar  

   b) Lemon juice  

   c) Soap solution  

   d) Carbonated water  

   Answer: c) Soap solution

2. Which acid is present in the stomach?  

   a) Sulphuric acid  

   b) Hydrochloric acid  

   c) Nitric acid  

   d) Acetic acid  

   Answer: b) Hydrochloric acid

3. Which of the following is used in the manufacture of fertilizers?  

   a) Nitric acid  

   b) Hydrochloric acid  

   c) Sulphuric acid  

   d) Acetic acid  

   Answer: a) Nitric acid

4. Which of the following is a metal?  

   a) Carbon  

   b) Oxygen  

   c) Sodium  

   d) Sulphur  

   Answer: c) Sodium

5. Which of the following non-metals is a good conductor of electricity?  

   a) Sulphur  

   b) Phosphorus  

   c) Graphite  

   d) Iodine  

   Answer: c) Graphite

6. Which of the following metals reacts vigorously with water?  

   a) Gold  

   b) Copper  

   c) Sodium  

   d) Iron  

   Answer: c) Sodium

7. Which metal is used in making aircraft bodies due to its low density?  

   a) Iron  

   b) Copper  

   c) Aluminium  

   d) Zinc  

   Answer: c) Aluminium

8. Which of the following is a property of non-metals?  

   a) Malleability  

   b) Ductility  

   c) High melting point  

   d) Poor conductor of heat and electricity  

   Answer: d) Poor conductor of heat and electricity

9. Which of the following is the simplest alkane?  

   a) Methane  

   b) Ethane  

   c) Propane  

   d) Butane  

   Answer: a) Methane

10. Which type of bond is formed between carbon atoms in alkanes?  

    a) Single bond  

    b) Double bond  

    c) Triple bond  

    d) Ionic bond  

    Answer: a) Single bond

11. Which of the following is a characteristic of carbon?  

    a) Tetravalency  

    b) Divalency  

    c) Trivalency  

    d) Monovalency  

    Answer: a) Tetravalency

12. Which of the following is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?  

    a) Ethane  

    b) Propane  

    c) Ethene  

    d) Butane  

    Answer: c) Ethene

13. Which of the following is used as a fuel?  

    a) Ethanol  

    b) Ethanoic acid  

    c) Methanol  

    d) Acetone  

    Answer: c) Methanol

14. Which of the following is a life process?  

    a) Digestion  

    b) Sleeping  

    c) Playing  

    d) Breathing  

    Answer: a) Digestion

15. Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?  

    a) Plasma  

    b) Red blood cells  

    c) White blood cells  

    d) Neurons  

    Answer: d) Neurons

16. Which of the following is the basic unit of the nervous system?  

    a) Neuron  

    b) Cell  

    c) Tissue  

    d) Organ  

    Answer: a) Neuron

17. Which of the following organisms use gills for respiration?  

    a) Humans  

    b) Frogs  

    c) Fish  

    d) Birds  

    Answer: c) Fish

18. Which of the following is a waste product of respiration in humans?  

    a) Oxygen  

    b) Carbon dioxide  

    c) Nitrogen  

    d) Water vapor  

    Answer: b) Carbon dioxide

19. Which part of the brain controls voluntary actions?  

    a) Cerebrum  

    b) Cerebellum  

    c) Medulla  

    d) Hypothalamus  

    Answer: a) Cerebrum

20. Which of the following is a plant hormone?  

    a) Insulin  

    b) Auxin  

    c) Thyroxine  

    d) Adrenaline  

    Answer: b) Auxin

21. Which gland is known as the master gland?  

    a) Thyroid gland  

    b) Adrenal gland  

    c) Pituitary gland  

    d) Pancreas  

    Answer: c) Pituitary gland

22. Which of the following is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses?  

    a) Axon  

    b) Dendrite  

    c) Synapse  

    d) Neuron  

    Answer: d) Neuron

23. Which of the following is a reflex action?  

    a) Running  

    b) Breathing  

    c) Blinking  

    d) Speaking  

    Answer: c) Blinking

24. Which of the following is a mode of asexual reproduction?  

    a) Budding  

    b) Fertilization  

    c) Pollination  

    d) Germination  

    Answer: a) Budding

25. Which of the following organs produces sperm in males?  

    a) Ovaries  

    b) Testes  

    c) Prostate gland  

    d) Seminal vesicles  

    Answer: b) Testes

26. Which of the following is an example of vegetative propagation?  

    a) Seeds  

    b) Stems  

    c) Leaves  

    d) Roots  

    Answer: b) Stems

27. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?  

    a) Testosterone  

    b) Estrogen  

    c) Insulin  

    d) Progesterone  

    Answer: b) Estrogen

28. Which of the following is NOT a method of contraception?  

    a) Birth control pills  

    b) Condoms  

    c) Intrauterine devices  

    d) Fertilization  

    Answer: d) Fertilization

29. Who is known as the father of genetics?  

    a) Charles Darwin  

    b) Gregor Mendel  

    c) Louis Pasteur  

    d) Alexander Fleming  

    Answer: b) Gregor Mendel

30. Which of the following processes leads to variation in a population?  

    a) Asexual reproduction  

    b) Mutation  

    c) Mitosis  

    d) Cloning  

    Answer: b) Mutation

31. Which of the following pairs is an example of homologous structures?  

    a) Wings of birds and insects  

    b) Flippers of whales and fins of fish  

    c) Arms of humans and wings of bats  

    d) Thorns of roses and spines of cacti  

    Answer: c) Arms of humans and wings of bats

32. Which type of reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation?  

    a) Asexual reproduction  

    b) Binary fission  

    c) Sexual reproduction  

    d) Cloning  

    Answer: c) Sexual reproduction

33. Which of the following is an example of an acquired trait?  

    a) Eye color  

    b) Height  

    c) Ability to play the piano  

    d) Skin color  

    Answer: c) Ability to play the piano

34. Which of the following structures is considered vestigial in humans?  

    a) Appendix  

    b) Heart  

    c) Lungs  

    d) Liver  

    Answer: a) Appendix

35. Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?  

    a) Breeding dogs for specific traits  

    b) Natural selection in a forest ecosystem  

    c) Mutations occurring in bacteria  

    d) Genetic drift in a small population  

    Answer: a) Breeding dogs for specific traits

36. Which of the following is the angle of incidence equal to?  

    a) Angle of reflection  

    b) Angle of refraction  

    c) Angle of emergence  

    d) None of the above  

    Answer: a) Angle of reflection

37. Which type of mirror is used in car headlights?  

    a) Plane mirror  

    b) Concave mirror  

    c) Convex mirror  

    d) None of the above  

    Answer: b) Concave mirror

38. Which of the following is the focal length of a lens?  

    a) The distance between the optical center and the focus  

    b) The distance between the object and the image  

    c) The distance between the two principal foci  

    d) None of the above  

    Answer: a) The distance between the optical center and the focus

39. Which of the following is true about a concave lens?  

    a) It converges light rays  

    b) It diverges light rays  

    c) It forms a virtual, upright, and smaller image  

    d) Both b and c  

    Answer: d) Both b and c

40. Which of the following explains why a pencil appears bent when partially submerged in water?  

    a) Reflection  

    b) Refraction  

    c) Dispersion  

    d) Diffraction  

    Answer: b) Refraction

41. Which mirror is commonly used as a rearview mirror in vehicles?  

    a) Plane mirror  

    b) Concave mirror  

    c) Convex mirror  

    d) Parabolic mirror  

    Answer: c) Convex mirror

42. Which of the following is the formula for the magnification produced by a lens?  

    a) Magnification = Image height / Object height  

    b) Magnification = Object height / Image height  

    c) Magnification = Object distance / Image distance  

    d) Magnification = Focal length / Image distance  

    Answer: a) Magnification = Image height / Object height

43. Which of the following is a unit of electric current?  

    a) Volt  

    b) Ampere  

    c) Ohm  

    d) Watt  

    Answer: b) Ampere

44. Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating electric power?  

    a) Power = Voltage × Current  

    b) Power = Current / Voltage  

    c) Power = Voltage / Resistance  

    d) Power = Resistance × Current  

    Answer: a) Power = Voltage × Current

45. Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity?  

    a) Rubber  

    b) Glass  

    c) Copper  

    d) Plastic  

    Answer: c) Copper

46. Which of the following describes the direction of electric current?  

    a) From positive to negative terminal  

    b) From negative to positive terminal  

    c) From positive to positive terminal  

    d) From negative to negative terminal  

    Answer: a) From positive to negative terminal

47. Which of the following materials is used as an insulator in electric circuits?  

    a) Copper  

    b) Aluminium  

    c) Plastic  

    d) Iron  

    Answer: c) Plastic

48. Which of the following is true for a parallel circuit?  

    a) Current is the same through each component  

    b) Voltage is the same across each component  

    c) Power is the same across each component  

    d) Resistance is the same across each component  

    Answer: b) Voltage is the same across each component

49. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source?  

    a) Solar energy  

    b) Wind energy  

    c) Coal  

    d) Hydroelectric energy  

    Answer: c) Coal

50. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?  

    a) Melting of ice  

    b) Rusting of iron  

    c) Boiling of water  

    d) Breaking of glass  

    Answer: b) Rusting of iron